Apiston–cylinder assembly contains 0.7 lb of propane. the propane expands from an initial state where p1 = 60 lbf/in.2 and t1 = 30°f to a final state where p2 = 10 lbf/in.2 during the process, the pressure and specific volume are related by pv2 = constant. determine the energy transfer by work, in btu.

speed of light in vacuum is 300,000 km/s

speed of light in other mediums is given by the expression v = c/n, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and n is the refractive index of medium.

for the first medium v = 200,000 km/s

  so, refractive index of medium = 300000/200000 = 1.5

    1.5 refractive index is usually for glass. so first medium is glass.

for the second medium v = 250,00 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/250000 = 1.2

    1.2 refractive index is usually for water. so second medium is water.

for the third medium v = 0 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/0 = ∞

    ∞ refractive index is usually for opaque mediums. so third medium is opaque medium.