Aunit of time sometimes used in microscopic physics is the "shake". one shake equals 10−8 s.

(a) how many more shakes in a second are there than seconds in a year?
(b) humans have existed for about 106 years, whereas the universe is about 1010 years old. if the age of the universe is taken to be 1 "universe day", for how many "universe seconds" have humans existed? "universe seconds"

(a) There are 3.17 times more shakes in a second than seconds in a year.

(b) Humans have existed for 9067.72 universe seconds.

Explanation:

(a) First we calcule how many seconds are in a year. One year have 365 days, one day has 24 hours, one hour has 60 minutes and one minute has 60 seconds, so:

Now, we calculate how many shakes are in a second:

Finally, we calculate how many more shakes in a second are there than seconds in a year:

(b) Using a simple rule of three we can calculate  how many "universe seconds" have humans existed, recall that 1 day has 86400 seconds:

1010 years--------->86400s

106 years----------> x seconds

when insulating materials rub against each other, they may become electrically charged . electrons , which are negatively charged, may be 'rubbed off' one material and on to the other. the material that gains electrons becomes negatively charged. the material that loses electrons is left with a positive charge.