Imagine an ideal (carnot) refrigerator that keeps helium in its liquid state, at a temperature of about 4.00 k. the refrigerator, with the helium container inside, is in a laboratory where the temperature is about 294 k. because of the imperfection of the insulation, 2.00 j of heat is absorbed by the refrigerator each hour. how much electrical energy e must be used by the refrigerator to maintain a temperature of 4.00 k inside for one hour?

Abatter hits the baseball a with an initial velocity of v0 = 110 ft/sec directly toward fielder b at an angle of 23° to the horizontal; the initial position of the ball is 2.2 ft above ground level. fielder b requires 0.44 sec to judge where the ball should be caught and begins moving to that position with constant speed. because of great experience, fielder b chooses his running speed so that he arrives at the “catch position” simultaneously with the baseball. the catch position is the field location at which the ball altitude is 8.4 ft. determine the velocity of the ball relative to the fielder at the instant the catch is made.

50 g of ice at 0°c is dropped in a beaker containing 100 g of water at 0°c. what will be the contents of the beaker after 5 hours? assume that the room temperature is 0°c.

Aboxcar traveling at 12 m/s approaches a string of 5 identical boxcars sitting stationary on the track. the moving boxcar collides and links with the stationary cars and they all move off together along the track. what is the final speed of the cars immediately after the collision? (you may take the mass of each boxcar to be 18,537 kg.)