Aparallel plate capacitor is charged to voltage v and then disconnected from the battery. leopold says that the voltage will decrease if the plates are pulled apart. gerhardt says that the voltage will remain the same. which one, if either, is correct, and why? 1. gerhardt, because the maximum voltage is determined by the battery.2. gerhardt, because the charge per unit area on the plates does not change.3. leopold, because charge is transferred from one plate to the other when the plates are separated.4. leopold, because the force each plate exerts on the other decreases when the plates are pulled apart.5. neither, because the voltage increases when the plates are pulled apart.

Conventional hot-water heaters consist of a tank of water maintained at a fixed temperature. the hot water is to be used when needed. the drawback is that energy is wasted because the tank loses heat when it is not in use, and you can run out of hot water if you use too much. some utility companies are encouraging the use of on-demand water heaters (also known as flash heaters), which consist of heating units to heat the water as you use it. no water tank is involved, so no heat is wasted. a typical household shower flow rate is 2.50 gal/min (9.46 l/min ) with the tap water being heated from 51.0 ˚f (10.6 ˚c) to 120 ˚f (48.9 ˚c) by the on-demand heater.what rate of heat input (either electrical of from gas) is required to operate such a unit, assuming that all the heat goes into the water?