From the edge of a cliff, a 0.46 kg projectile is launched with an initial kinetic energy of 1430 j. the projectile's maximum upward displacement from the launch point is +150 m. what are the (a) horizontal and (b) vertical components of its launch velocity? (c) at the instant the vertical component of its velocity is 65 m/s, what is its vertical displacement from the launch point? take up to be the positive direction.

Explanation:

Given

mass of Projectile(m)=0.46 kg

Initial Kinetic Energy=1430 J

Maximum upward displacement from Launch point=150 m

v=78.85 m/s

and

initial horizontal velocity

Initial vertical velocity

(c)vertical velocity at any instant=65 m/s

Since initial vertical velocity is 54.16 m/s

so 65 m/s will be acquired when projectile started falling below cliff

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.

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