The effective nuclear charge for an atom is less than the actual nuclear charge due to

Air initially at 0.75 bar, 1000 k, and occupying a volume of 0.12 m^3 undergoes two processes. process 1-2: the air is compressed isothermally until the volume is halved. process 2-3: the air undergoes a constant pressure process until the volume is halved again. assume ideal gas behavior. a) determine the mass of the air, in kg. b) the work and the heat transfer for each of the two processes, in kj. (100 kj = 1 bar . m^3)

Two models of the same compound are shown. in what way is model b better than model a? model b shows the types of elements in the compound, but model a does not. model b shows the three-dimensional shape of the molecule, but model a does not. model b shows how the atoms in the molecule are connected, but model a does not. model b shows the number of atoms of each element in the molecule, but model a does not

Bonds within one water molecule are examples of