According to phipps, darwin's understanding of causation can be stated by addressing four fundamental questions: who? why? when? and how? which questions address primary causes and which secondary causes and why? which questions are the purview of religion and which of science?

Some material consisting of a collection of microscopic objects is kept at a high temperature. a photon detector capable of detecting photon energies from infrared through ultraviolet observes photons emitted with energies of 0.3 ev, 0.5 ev, 0.8 ev, 2.0ev, 2.5ev, and 2.8ev. these are the only photon energies observed. (a) draw and label a possible energy-level diagram for one of the microscopic objects, which has four bound states. on the diagram, indicate the transitions corresponding to the emitted photons. explain briefly. (b) would a spring–mass model be a good model for these microscopic objects? why or why not? (c) the material is now cooled down to a very low temperature, and the photon detector stops detecting photon emissions. next, a beam of light with a continuous range of energies from infrared through ultraviolet shines on the material, and the photon detector observes the beam of light after it passes through the material. what photon energies in this beam of light are observed to be significantly reduced in intensity (“dark absorption lines”)? explain briefly.

Atelevision set that has been running for a while heats up even the air around it. which two laws of thermodynamics could be used to analyze this scenario

If jerome is swinging on a rope and transferring energy from gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy, is being done.