Ascuba diver is sitting on a boat while waiting to go on a dive and sees light reflected from the water's surface. at what angle of reflection will this light be completely polarized?

θ_p = 53.0º

Explanation:

For reflection polarization occurs when a beam is reflected at the interface between two means, the polarization in total when the angle between the reflected and the transmitted beam is 90º

Let's write the transmission equation

     n1 sin θ₁ = ne sin θ₂

The angle to normal (vertcal) is

    180 = θ2 + 90 + θ_p

    θ₂ = 90 - θ_p

Where θ₂ is the angle of the transmitted ray θ_p is the angle of the reflected polarized ray

We replace

     n1 sin θ_p = n2 sin (90 - θ_p)

Let's use the trigonometry relationship

    Sin (90- θ_p) = sin 90 cos θ_p - cos 90 sin θ_p = cos θ_p

In the law of reflection  incident angle equals reflected angle,  

    ni sin θ_p = ns cos θ_p

    n₂ / n₁ = sin θ_p / cos θ_p

    n₂ / n₁ = tan θ_p

    θ_p = tan⁻¹ (n₂ / n₁)

Now we can calculate it

The refractive index of air is 1 (n1 = 1) the refractive index of seawater varies between 1.33 and 1.40 depending on the amount of salts dissolved in the water

n₂ = 1.33

      θ_p = tan⁻¹ (1.33 / 1)

      θ_p = 53.0º

n₂ = 1.40

      θ_p = tan⁻¹ (1.40 / 1)

      Tep = 54.5º

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explanation:

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.