How does a pulley make it easier to load cargo onto a cargo ship?

a.
the pulley increases the force needed to lift the load by moving it over a longer distance. it also changes the direction of the force. as the input force is applied downward, the output force is exerted upward.

b.
the pulley reduces the force needed to lift the load by moving it over a longer distance. it also changes the direction of the force. as the input force is applied downward, the output force is exerted upward.

c.
the pulley increases the force needed to lift the load by moving it over a shorter distance. it also changes the direction of the force. as the input force is applied upward, the output force is exerted downward.

d.
the pulley reduces the force needed to lift the load by moving it over a shorter distance. it also changes the direction of the force. as the input force is applied upward, the output force is exerted downward.