Which of the following accurately describes properties of valence?
a. the smaller the number of electrons an atom has to borrow or to lend, the greater the activity of the atom.
b. nonmetallic elements tend to have a positive valence and tend to be electron borrowers.
c. metals tend to have a negative valence and tend to be electron borrowers.
d. the greater the number of electrons an atom has to borrow or to lend, the greater the activity of the atom

i believe it is b. what was the cause of the big bang

hope this !

answer: the correct answer is 1.

explanation: there are various process in which a radioactive nuclei decays:

1) alpha decay: in this process, a heavier nuclei decays into lighter nuclei by releasing alpha particle. the mass number is reduced by 4 units.

2) electron capture: in this decay process, a parent nuclei absorbs an electron and gets converted into a neutron. simply, a proton and an electron combines together to form a neutron. mass number does not change in this process.

3) gamma ray emission: it is a decay process in which an unstable nuclei gives excess energy by a spontaneous electromagnetic process. this decay releases . this process does not change the mass number.

4) positron emission: it is a type of decay process, in which a proton gets converted to neutron and an electron neutrino. this is also known as -decay. in this the mass number remains same.

from the above information, we see that only alpha-decay is producing a change in the mass number of the nucleus.