Astronomers using a 2.0-m-diameter telescope observe a distant supernova−an exploding star. the telescope's detector records 7.5 × 10−11 j of light energy during the first t s. it's known that this type of supernova has a visible-light power output of 6.0 × 1037 w for the first 10 s of the explosion. how distant is the supernova? give your answer in light years, where one light year is the distance light travels in one year. the speed of light is 3.0 × 108 m/s.

Wo audio speakers are placed on a vertical rail. speaker a is placed at head-level while speaker b is place at some variable height, \delta yδy, above speaker a. both speakers receive simultaneous input from a sine-wave generator so the speakers each produce a pure sinusoidal sound wave with a wavelength of 0.531 meters. calculate the lowest height that speaker b can be placed above speaker a to produce a minimum of sound heard by person standing \delta x = 7.86δx=7.86 meters directly in front of speaker a.

The rigid beam is supported by the three suspender bars. bars ab and ef are made of aluminum and bar cd is made of steel. if each bar has a cross-sectional area of 450 mm2, determine the maximum value of p if the allowable stress is (σallow)st = 200 mpa for the steel and ( σallow)al = 150 mpa for the aluminum. est = 200 gpa and eal = 70 gpa.

Alinearly polarized electromagnetic wave has an average intensity of 196 w/m^2. this wave is directed towards two ideal polarizers (in real polarizers, transmission is also effected by reflection and absorption). polarizer a is oriented with its transmission axis at an angle of θ_1=20.8∘ with the incident electric field. polarizer b has its axis at an angle of θ_2=63.0∘ with the incident electric field. what is the average intensity of the wave after it passes through polarizer a? what is the average intensity of the wave after it passes through polarizer b? suppose that the two polarizers a and b are interchanged. what would the average intensity be after passing through both polarizers?