The water at niagara falls drops through a height of 55.0 m. if the water’s loss of gravitational potential energy shows up as an increase in temperature of the water, what is the temperature difference between the water at the top of the falls and the water at the bottom? for this problem, if you need any of these values, use g = 10 m/s^2, take the specific heat of water to be 4000 j/(kg °c), and the latent heat of vaporization of water to be 2 × 10^6 j/

ΔT = 0.14 °C

Explanation:

The gravitational potential energy of the water can be calculated using the following expression.

Ep = m . g . h

where,

m: mass

g: gravity

h: height

The heat used to increase the temperature of the water can be calculated using the following expression.

Q = c . m . ΔT

where,

c: specific heat capacity

m: mass

ΔT: difference in temperature

According to the law of conservation of energy, the energy lost from gravitational potential energy is equal to the heat gained by the water. Then,

Ep = Q

m . g . h = c . m . ΔT

g . h = c . ΔT

(10 m/s²) × (55.0 m) = (4000 J/kg°C) × ΔT

ΔT = 0.14 °C

the order for strong to weak forces such as

strong nuclear force → electromegnetic force → weak nuclear force → gravitational force

the fundamental forces are those forces that act between to objects or element to make interactions. there are four types of fundamental forces such as strong and weak nuclear forces (due to protons and electrons), electromagnetic force (due to the motion of electrons) and gravitational force (due to orbital movement of the planet). if these forces are arranged on the basis of their maximum strength then the order is

strong nuclear force → electromegnetic force → weak nuclear force → gravitational force