Changes that occur in the urinary system with aging include all of the following, except
a. a decline in the number of functional nephrons
b. a reduction in the gfr (glomerular filtration rate)
c. increased sensitivity to adh
d. problems with the micturition reflex
e. loss of sphincter muscle tone

c. increased sensitivity to ADH

Explanation:

a. a decline in the number of functional nephrons: With aging the loss of nephron occurs that can be detected by the age related decrease in the glomerular filteration rate.

b. a reduction in the GFR (glomerular filtration rate): The GFR tend to decline in older age even though there is no disease. These people are required to check with the GFR in future.

d. problems with the micturition reflex: With aging people experience problem of bladder control. This leads to leakage or incontinence of urine or urinary retention that is inability to empty the bladder.

e. loss of sphincter muscle tone: With age the sphincter tone may diminish. This results in loss of control and storage capacity. The rectal muscles or sphincter muscles get loose which lead to passage of stool before reaching the washroom.

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