All scientific theories on the solar system are based on

Nebular hypothesis

Explanation:

This theory states that the sun, the planets, and all other objects in the solar system formed from the gravitational collapse of a giant nebulous material billions of years ago.

no. dot product   =0 when vecs at right angles

answer;

d. are made mostly of liquid

explanation;

-the general   composition and structure planets includes; they have a thick gas and liquid layer covering a small,solid core. mostly the gases are hydrogen and helium atmosphere and layers of liquid hydrogen. for instance neptune and uranus are examples of the outer planets, they have a core covered by ice and ammonia.

-neptune's atmosphere is hydrogen and helium with a bit of methane so there is no oxygen to breath and the interior is made up of frozen water and ammonia with a rock and iron core. thus, there is no liquid water or solid surface to survive.