The gold foil experiment led to the conclusion that each atom in the foil was composed mostly of empty space because most alpha particles directed at the foil
(1) passed through the foil
(2) remained trapped in the foil
(3) were deflected by the nuclei in gold atoms
(4) were deflected by the electrons in gold atoms

(1) passed through the foil

Explanation:

Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment using an alpha particle emitter projected towards a gold foil and the gold foil was surrounded by a fluorescent screen which glows upon being struck by an alpha particle.

When the experiment was conducted he found that most of the alpha particles went away without any deflection (due to the empty space) glowing the fluorescent screen right at the point of from where they were emitted. While a few were deflected at reflex angle because they were directed towards the center of the nucleus having the net effective charge as positive. And some were acutely deflected due to the field effect of the positive charge of the proton inside the nucleus. All these  conclusions were made based upon the spot of glow on the fluorescent screen.

The answer is b.the gaseous state is electrically positive, while the plasma state is electrically negative. 

Amethod of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.