A.) what happens when a force is applied to an atom? b.) what is this called?

i need this for a review cause im dumb : )

When you push downward on a book at rest on a table, you feel an upward force. does this force depend on friction? defend your answer.

As a pendulum bob swings back and forth several times, the maximum height it reaches becomes less and less. this is because more and more of the pendulum bob's energy is being transformed into a. heat energy b. kinetic energy c. potential energy d. kinetic energy and potential energy

The particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom are