Ancient species found in just one region, whose close relatives have all gone extinct, are designated

Ancient species living in earth with all its close relatives dead are called living fossils.

Living fossils are interesting as well important creations of nature. Let's take an example of a plant Ginkgo biloba. Its a plant of gymnosperm family along with pine and fir, but belongs to the order Ginkgoales. In this order, Gingko biloba is the only plant that's alive till now, all the other species are dead.

Living fossils give us important informations about the adaptation that used to prevail in earth that lead to survival of species in contemporary times. It also establishes relationships between the two or more phyla of organisms in a taxonomic way.

Animal living fossils are lungfish, horse shoe crab, coelacanth fish, Tuatara, lobe finned fishes etc.

quantum mechanics or quantum physics is physics of very small objects (particles) and physical entities.

quantum physics has some parallels to our macro world and some pretty unique ideas which theoretically and mathematically proven to be true even though we will never be able to access them because of our size.

there are many types of particles: subatomic, elementary etc.

subatomic means they are smaller than atom, elementary means they are at the very basis of everything.

subatomic particles are for eg. protons, neutrons but not electrons.

elementary particles are categorised into 3 groups by what they do.

these 3 groups are quarks, leptons and bosons.

light for example is a particle more precisely a photon a part of leptons.

proton (subatomic particle) is made out of 2 up quarks and 1 down quark each of these has a fractional charge like . (i crazy)

most famous scientist who contributed to this physics are:

the topic itself us understand a lot and will probably be vastly used in the future (quantum computers, understanding the big bang,

we also must not forget quantum effects like:

and there is more. but probably too much for this answer to be consistent due to my average understanding of this topic.

hope this you understand quantum mechanics a little more. i'm not an expert in the topic (so don't be like wth if you are an expert) but i'm very interested in it.

anyways quantum physics is a very hard topic (harder than physics (perhaps)) therefore searching for every information there is about it and learning it is unfortunately impossible (you can only specialise into 1 - 3 things or more (perhaps

have fun and i wish you luck!

r3t40