A 0.023 kg golf ball moving at 15.7 m/s crashes through the window of a house in 5.3 × 10−4 s. After the crash, the ball continues in the same direction with a speed of 11.4 m/s. Assuming the force exerted on the ball by the window was constant, what was the magnitude of this force? Answer in units of N.

Magnitude of the force exerted on the window = 186.6 N

Explanation:

Impulse = change in momentum

Impulse = force × time period during which it acts = F × t = Ft

Change in momentum = m(v₁ - v₂)

m = 0.023 kg, v₁ = 15.7 m/s, v₂ = 11.4 m/s

Change in momentum = 0.023 (15.7 - 11.4) = 0.0989 kgm/s

Impulse = change in momentum = 0.0989

Ft = 0.0989

t = 5.3 × 10⁻⁴ s = 0.00053

F = 0.0989/0.00053 = 186.6 N

answer: the correct answer is 1.

explanation: there are various process in which a radioactive nuclei decays:

1) alpha decay: in this process, a heavier nuclei decays into lighter nuclei by releasing alpha particle. the mass number is reduced by 4 units.

2) electron capture: in this decay process, a parent nuclei absorbs an electron and gets converted into a neutron. simply, a proton and an electron combines together to form a neutron. mass number does not change in this process.

3) gamma ray emission: it is a decay process in which an unstable nuclei gives excess energy by a spontaneous electromagnetic process. this decay releases . this process does not change the mass number.

4) positron emission: it is a type of decay process, in which a proton gets converted to neutron and an electron neutrino. this is also known as -decay. in this the mass number remains same.

from the above information, we see that only alpha-decay is producing a change in the mass number of the nucleus.