Under certain circumstances, potassium ions (K+) in a cell will move across the cell membrane from the inside to the outside. The potential inside the cell is − 85.5 mV and the potential outside the cell is zero. a. What is the change in the electrical potential energy of a single potassium ion as it moves across the membrane?b. Does the potential energy of the potassium ions increase, decrease, or remain the same as the ions move from the inside to the outside?

Consider a uniformly charged ring in the xy plane, centered at the origin. the ring has radius a and positive charge qdistributed evenly along its circumference. a)what is the direction of the electric field at any point on the z axis? . b)what is the magnitude of the electric field along the positive z axis? use k in your answer, where k=14πϵ0. d)the ball will oscillate along the z axis between z=d and z=−d in simple harmonic motion. what will be the angular frequency ω of these oscillations? use the approximation d≪a to simplify your calculation; that is, assume that d2+a2≈a2. express your answer in terms of given charges, dimensions, and constants