Given that the electric potential is 7.3×10−2 V higher outside the cell than inside the cell, and that the cell membrane is 0.10 μm thick, calculate the work that must be done (in joules) to move one sodium ion from inside the cell to outside.

Work to move on ion inside a cell = 1.168×10^-20J

Explanation:

Potential difference is a ratio of work done by a charge.

It is given as

◇V= Workdone ×charge= W/a

Workdone = V × q= (7.3×10^-2)×(1.6×10^-19)

W= 1.168×10^-20Joules

molecules are free to separate from each other and will take on the shape of the container. molecules move completely at random and high speeds. they vibrate in a fixed position and do not move around much. molecules expand to the edge of their container.