What term refers to the envelope of mixed gases confined close to a planet's surface by the force of gravity?

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How do you tell if someone actually cares about you? and just say they do?

Suppose that f : rn → rm and that a ∈ k, where k is a connected subset of rn . suppose further that for each x ∈ k there exists a δx > 0 such that f(x) = f(y) for all y ∈ bδx (x). prove that f is constant on k; that is, f(x) = f(a) for all x ∈ k