The earth has a vertical electric field at the surface, pointing down, that averages 119 N/C . This field is maintained by various atmospheric processes, including lightning. What is the excess charge on the surface of the earth

Explanation:

If we assume that the Earth is a spherical conductor, according to  Gauss's Law, the electric field is given by:

Here k is the Coulomb constant, the excess charge on the Earth's surface and r its radius. Solving for q:

luster is not a good characteristic to use by itself because luster is the property of minerals that indicates how much the surface of a mineral reflects light. the luster of a mineral is affected by the brilliance of the light used to observe the mineral surface.

answer: the metamorphic rocks are formed when they are exposed to high pressure and high temperatures. this happens when one of the earth's plates comes in contact with the other plate by traveling in opposite directions, straight into each other or slipping under one another. the friction that is caused by this activity results in   melting of rocks and when it cools they are known as metamorphic rocks. this process needs a controlled amount of pressure and temperature otherwise it may turn into magma.