The importance of the Miller–Urey experiment is that (a) it proved beyond doubt that life could have arisen naturally on the young Earth; (b) it showed that natural chemical reactions can produce building blocks of life; (c) it showed that clay can catalyze the production of RNA.

During a medieval siege of a castle, the attacking army uses a trebuchet to hurl heavy stones at the castle walls. if the trebuchet launches the stones with a velocity of at an angle of 50.0°, (a) how long does it take the stone to hit the ground? (b) what is the maximum distance that the trebuchet can be from the castle wall to be in range? (c) how high will the stones go? show all your work.