Onsider 1000 mL of a 1.00 × 10-4 M solution of a certain acid HA that has a Ka value equal to 1.00 × 10-4. Water was added or removed (by evaporation) so that a solution remains in which 16% of HA is dissociated at equilibrium. What is the volume of the final solution? Assume that HA is nonvolatile.

The volume of the final solution, V = 0.0305L

Explanation:

Number of moles = Concentration * volume

Concentration of HA = 1.00 * 10⁻⁴M

Volume of HA = 1000mL = 1 L

Number of moles of HA =  1.00 * 10⁻⁴ * 1

Number of moles of HA =  1.00 * 10⁻⁴ mols

Equation of reaction:

HA → H⁺  +  A⁻

If 1 mol of HA produces 1 mol of H⁺  and  A⁻, 1.00 * 10⁻⁴ mol of HA will produce 1.00 * 10⁻⁴ mol of  H⁺  and  A⁻.

Since only 16% dissociation occurs = 0.16

Number of moles of  H⁺ produced = 0.16 *  1.00 * 10⁻⁴

Number of moles of  H⁺ produced = 1.6 * 10⁻⁵mols

Number of moles of  A⁻ produced = 0.16 *  1.00 * 10⁻⁴

Number of moles of  A⁻ produced = 1.6 * 10⁻⁵mols

Since 16% of HA dissociated into  H⁺  and  A⁻, 84% of HA is left

Number of mols of HA left = 0.84 *  1.00 * 10⁻⁴

Number of mols of HA left =  8.4 * 10⁻⁵mols

Concentration = num of moles/volume

Let the volume of the final solution be V

Conc of HA = 8.4 * 10⁻⁵/V

Conc of H⁺ = 1.6 * 10⁻⁵/V

Conc of A⁻ =  1.6 * 10⁻⁵/V

To calculate the dissociation constant

no. dot product   =0 when vecs at right angles