Construct an analogy between a pond/pump system with a water fall (gravitational potential) and a circuit with a battery with several light bulbs in series

Explanation:

Pond Battery

In the two systems, pond acts as water reservoir while battery acts as reservoir in the electrical system.

Water charges

In the pond system the water acts as the main constituent of flow of energy and in electrical system the charges act as the constituent of flow of energy.

Gravitational potential Electric Potential

We have the gravitational potential of the stored water in the pond with respect to the destination which leads to the flow of water whereas the electrical system has the potential difference leading to the flow of charges.

Pipe line Conducting wire

The channel through which the water flows is pipe whereas the path through which the charges flow is conductor.

Tap light bulbs

Output of the pond system is obtained at the taps whereas the output of the electrical system is obtained at the light bulbs.

Drag, viscosity, surface friction electrical resistance

The resistance to the flow of water can be regarded as drag, mechanical friction and viscosity while the electrical resistance is due to the bonded electrons.

volume flow rate current flow

The rate of flow of water is known as the volume flow rate whereas the rate of flow of charges is called current.

an obstruction

1 a

2 b

3 b

4 d

5 d

6 d

explanation: