To understand the interplay of observations and models you must first be able to distinguish between things that we observe and things that we infer from models. Consider the following statements about the Sun. Classify each statement as an observation or as an inference based on the current, accepted model for the Sun.
a. Sun emits neutrinos
b. The photosphere emits mostly visible light
c. Convection zone cooler than radiation zone
d. Core temp 10M Kelvin
e. Corona is hotter than the photosphere
f. The composition of the photosphere is the same as that of the gas cloud that gave birth to our solar system
j. Photosphere made mostly out of H and He
h. Sun generates energy by fusing H-->He at its core