(a) A test charge +q is brought to a point A a distance r from the center of a sphere having a net charge +Q. (b) Next, a test charge +6 q is brought to a point B a distance 6 r from the center of the sphere. Compared with the electrostatic potential energy of configuration (a), the potential energy in configuration (b) is

An  atom  (ours, not carroll's) consists of a positively charged  nucleus, surrounded by one or more negatively charged particles called  electrons. the positive charges equal the negative charges, so the atom has no overall charge; it is electrically neutral. most of an atom's mass is in its nucleus; the mass of an electron is only 1/1836 the mass of the lightest nucleus, that of hydrogen. although the nucleus is heavy, it is quite small compared with the overall size of an atom. the radius of a typical atom is around 0.1 to 0.25 nanometres (nm), whereas the radius of a nucleus is about 10-6  nm.  *  if an atom were enlarged to the size of the earth, its nucleus would be only 200 feet in diameter and could easily rest inside a small football stadium.read more on -

Answerwavelength;

Magma  is composed of molten rock and is  stored  in the earth's crust. lava is  magma  that reaches the surface of our planet through a volcano vent.