If energies is transferred by a solid what has to be at the ends of it?
Please answer this question asap.

If two metal balls each have a charge of -10^-6 c and the repulsive force between them is 1 n, how far apart are they? (coulomb's constant is k = 9.0x 10^9 n-m^2/c^2? 9.5 m 9.0 mm 9.5 cm 0.9 m .

Refrigerant-134a flows through a carnot heat pump cycle at 0.5 kg/s. it is known that the maximum absolute temperature in the cycle is 1.1 times the minimum absolute temperature, and the net power input to the cycle is 2.5 kw. if the refrigerant changes from a saturated vapor to a saturated liquid during the heat rejection process, determine the maximum magnitude of the enthalpy of vaporization for this process in kj/kg (with 3 significant figures).

Ahuge (essentially infinite) horizontal nonconducting sheet 10.0 cm thick has charge uniformly spread over both faces. the upper face carries +95.0 nc/m2 while the lower face carries -25.0 nc/ m2. what is the magnitude of the electric field at a point within the sheet 2.00 cm below the upper face? (ε0 = 8.85 × 10-12 c2/n · m2)