Alculate the kinetic energies of (a) a 2.00×103-kg automobile moving at 100.0 km/h; (b) an 80.0-kg runner sprinting at 10.0 m/s; and (c) a 9.10 × 10−31-kg electron moving at 2.00 × 107 m/s.

(a) 7.72×10⁵ J

(b) 4000 J

(c) 1.82×10⁻¹⁶ J

Explanation:

Kinetic Energy: This can be defined energy of a body due to its motion. The expression for kinetic energy is given as,

Ek = 1/2mv² Equation 1

Where Ek = Kinetic energy, m = mass, v = velocity

(a)

For a moving automobile,

Ek = 1/2mv².

Given: m = 2.0×10³ kg, v = 100 km/h = 100(1000/3600) m/s = 27.78 m/s

Substitute into equation 1

Ek = 1/2(2.0×10³)(27.78²)

Ek = 7.72×10⁵ J

(b)

For a sprinting runner,

Given: m = 80 kg, v = 10 m/s

Substitute into equation 1 above,

Ek = 1/2(80)(10²)

Ek = 40(100)

Ek = 4000 J

(c)

For a moving electron,

Given: m = 9.10×10⁻³¹ kg, v = 2.0×10⁷ m/s

Substitute into equation 1 above,

Ek = 1/2(9.10×10⁻³¹)(2.0×10⁷)²

Ek = 1.82×10⁻¹⁶ J