A crass host pours the remnants of several bottles of wine into a jug after a party. He then inserts a cork with a 1.70 diameter into the bottle, placing it in direct contact with the wine. He is amazed when he pounds the cork into place and the bottom of the jug (with a 12.0 cm diameter) breaks away. Calculate the extra force (in N) exerted against the bottom if he pounded the cork with a 120 N force.

Th extra force exerted against the bottom is 5979.23 N

Explanation:

Given that,

Initial diameter of the cork,

Final diameter of the cork,

Initial force,

We need to find the extra force in second condition. The pressure at both condition will remains the same.

Hence, this is the required solution.

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.