A piston–cylinder arrangement containing Nitrogen (N2), initially at 4 bar and 438 K, undergoes an expansion to a final temperature of 300 K, during which the pressure–volume relationship is pV1.3 = constant. Assuming the ideal gas model for the N2, determine:

(a) the final pressure (bar),

Consider an ordinary, helium-filled party balloon with a volume of 2.2 ft3. the lifting force on the balloon due to the outside air is the net resultant of the pressure distribution exerted on the exterior surface of the balloon. using this fact, we can derive archimedes’ principle, namely that the upward force on the balloon is equal to the weight of the air displaced by the balloon. assuming that the balloon is at sea level, where the air density is 0.002377 slug/ft3, calculate the maximum weight that can be lifted by the balloon. note: the molecular weight of air is 28.8 and that of helium is 4.

The speed of light in a material is 0.50 c. what is the critical angle of a light ray at the interface between the material and a vacuum?

Unpolarized light of intensity so passes through two sheets of polarizing material whose transmission axes make an angle of 60∘ with each other as shown in the figure. what is the intensity of the transmitted beam, st?