Two identical 7.10-gg metal spheres (small enough to be treated as particles) are hung from separate 700- strings attached to the same nail in a ceiling. Surplus electrons are added to each sphere, and then the spheres are brought in contact with each other and released. Their equilibrium position is such that each string makes a 17.0 ∘∘ angle with the vertical. How many surplus electrons are on each sphere?

Explanation:

Let m be mass of each sphere and θ be angle, string makes with vertex in equilibrium.

Let T be tension in the hanging string

T cosθ = mg ( for balancing in vertical direction )

for balancing in horizontal direction

Tsinθ = F ( F is force of repulsion between two charges sphere)

Dividing the two equations

Tanθ = F / mg

tan17 = F / (7.1 x 10⁻³ x 9.8)

F = 21.27 x 10⁻³ N

if q be charge on each sphere , force of repulsion between the two

F = k q x q / r² ( r is distance between two sphere , r = 2 x .7 x sin17  = .41 m )

21.27 x 10⁻³  = (9 X 10⁹ x q²) / .41²

q² = .3973 x 10⁻¹²

q = .63 x 10⁻⁶ C

no of electrons required  = q / charge on a single electron

= .63 x 10⁻⁶ / 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹

= .39375 x 10¹³

3.9375 x 10¹² .

the independent variable, or the one that is intentionally manipulated is the speed.

it becomes positively charged by charging it