Which way do electrons within the rectangular rods move when a positively-charged rod is
brought near a positively-charged rod?

You meant "Negative-charged rod"?

If you did then here's the answer.

Away.

Explanation:

Since, the rod and Balloon both are negatively charged, and we know that like charges repel each other so, the electrons in the rod tend to move away from negatively charged balloon.

15.3 cos 65 degrees trig

grav forces affect all objects magnetic forces affect magnetic objects and electric currents