Suppose 1 kg each of water (4.19 J/(g ⋅∘C)), brick (0.90 J/(g⋅∘C)), iron (0.46 J/(g⋅∘C)), and olive oil (1.79 J/(g⋅∘C)) were held at the same initial temperature and heated for an equivalent amount of time. Indicate their relative final temperatures from lowest (left) to highest (right). Assume no heat is lost to the surroundings. You can use the Intro tab of the PhET to help visualize the temperature changes. (Assume that the mas of the water, iron, and olive oil is 1 kg each and that the mass of the brick is 0.5 kg.)

Explanation:

For rise in temperature due to addition of heat, the formula is as follows

Q = m s Δ t , Q is amount of heat added , m is mass , s is specific heat and

Δ t  is rise in temperature .

Δ t = Q / ms

For water , iron , olive oil mass is 1 kg

So

for water,

Δ t = Q / 4.19

for iron,

Δ t = Q / .46

for olive oil,

Δ t = Q / 1.79

For brick

Δ t = Q / .5 x .9

= Q / .45

Lower the denominator , higher the value.

So

Q / 4.19 < Q / 1.79 <Q / .46 <Q / .45

Tfinal (water)<Tfinal (olive oil)Tfinal (iron)Tfinal (brick )

area of focus

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.