How is energy from the sun being transferred into earth

Light traveling in a medium with a refractive index 1.19 is incident on a plate of another medium with index of refraction 1.79. at what angle of incidence is the reflected light fully polarized?

Asolid cylinder and a cylindrical shell have the same mass, same radius, and turn on frictionless, horizontal axles. the cylindrical shell has light-weight spokes connecting the shell to the axle. a rope is wrapped around each cylinder and tied to blocks of equal masses that are held the same height above the ground. both blocks are released simultaneously. the ropes do not slip. which block hits the ground first? or is it a tie?

An important dimensionless parameter concerned with very high-speed flow is the mach number, defined as v/c, where v is the speed of the object such as an airplane or projectile, and c is the speed of sound in the fluid surrounding the object. for a projectile traveling at 1170 mph through air at 50 ˚f and standard atmospheric pressure, what is the value of the mach number?