A light ray propagates in Material 1 with index of refraction n 1 = 1.23 n1=1.23 , strikes an interface, then passes into Material 2 with index of refraction n 2 = 1.31 n2=1.31 . The angle of incidence at the interface is θ 1 = 24.5 θ1=24.5 °. Find the angle of refraction θ 2 θ2 .

22.916136degrees.

Explanation:

Snell's Law relates the refractive indices of two materials and their incidence and reflected angles in following way.

Where left side is for incidence ray and the material that it is in and the right side is for refracted ray and its material .

given that

  and  substituting these in Snell's law formula and solving for unknown gives, degrees, which is our refracted angle.

freezing

deposition

condensation

explanation;

melting also called fusion is the process where solid becomes liquid, sublimation is the process where solid becomes gaseous without first changing to liquid, deposition involves change from gaseous to solid state, freezing involves change from liquid to solid, boiling or evaporation involves change of liquid to gaseous state, while condensation is the change from gaseous state to liquid state.

endothermic reactions involves absorption of heat from the surroundings or the environment while exothermic reactions involves loss of heat energy to the surroundings.

in this case, sublimation, evaporation and melting are endothermic reactions (gain energy from the environment) while, freezing, deposition and condensation are exothermic (loss of energy to the surroundings) reactions.

answer: cesare beccaria developed the classical school of criminology with from philosopher jeremy bentham

explanation: