You stand on a straight desert road at night and observe a vehicle approaching. This vehicle is equipped with two small headlights that are 0.691 m apart. At what distance, in kilometers, are you marginally able to discern that there are two headlights rather than a single light source? Take the wavelength of the light to be 539 nm and your pupil diameter as 5.11 mm. km

To solve this problem we will apply the concepts related to Reyleigh's criteria. Here the resolution of the eye is defined as 1.22 times the wavelength over the diameter of the eye. Mathematically this is,

Here,

D is diameter of the eye

The angle that relates the distance between the lights and the distance to the lamp is given by,

For small angle,

Here,

d = Distance between lights

L = Distance from eye to lamp

For small angle

Therefore,

Therefore the distance is 5.367km.