What mass of steam at 100°C must be mixed with 490 g of ice at its melting point, in a thermally insulated container, to produce liquid water at 89.0°C? The specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg·K. The latent heat of fusion is 333 kJ/kg, and the latent heat of vaporization is 2256 kJ/kg.

the mass of steam at 100°C must be mixed is 150 g

Explanation:

given information:

ice's mass, = 490 g = 0.49 kg

steam temperature, T = 100°C

liquid water temperature, T = 89.0°C

specific heat of water, = 4186 J/kg.K = 4.186 kJ/kg.K

latent heat of fusion, = 333 kJ/kg

latent heat of vaporization, = 2256 kJ/kg

first, we calculate the heat of melted ice to water

Q₁ =

where

Q = heat

= mass of the ice

 = latent heat of fusion

thus,

Q₁ =

    = 0.49 x 333

    = 163.17 kJ

then, the heat needed to increase the temperature of water to 89.0°C

Q₂ = (89 - 0), the temperature of ice is 0°C

= specific heat of water

so,

Q₂ = (89 - 0)

     = 0.49 x 4.186 x 89

     = 182.55 kJ

so, the heat absorbed by the ice is

Q = Q₁ + Q₂

   = 163.17 + 182.55

   = 345.72 kJ

the temperature of the steam is 100°C, so the mass of the steam is

Q =  +   (100 - 89)

Q = (  +   (11))

= Q/ [  +   (11)]

      = 345.72/ [2256 + (4.186 x 11)]

      = 0.15 kg

      = 150 g

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relativism has been, in its various guises, both one of the most popular and most reviled philosophical doctrines of our time. defenders see it as a harbinger of tolerance and the only ethical and epistemic stance worthy of the open-minded and tolerant. detractors dismiss it for its alleged incoherence and uncritical intellectual permissiveness. debates about relativism permeate the whole spectrum of philosophical sub-disciplines. from ethics to epistemology, science to religion, political theory to ontology, theories of meaning and even logic, philosophy has felt the need to respond to this heady and seemingly subversive idea. discussions of relativism often also invoke considerations relevant to the very nature and methodology of philosophy and to the division between the so-called “analytic and continental” camps in philosophy. and yet, despite a long history of debate going back to plato and an increasingly large body of writing, it is still difficult to come to an agreed definition of what, at its core, relativism is, and what philosophical import it has. this entry attempts to provide a broad account of the many ways in which “relativism” has been defined, explained, defended and criticized.

explanation:

ammonium chloride & tallow