Now consider the magnetic flux through a surface bounded by the loop. Which of the following statements about this surface must be true if you want to use Faraday's law to relate the magnetic flux to the line integral of the electric field around the loop?

A.) The surface must be the circular disk in the middle of the loop.
B.) The surface must be perpendicular to the magnetic field at each point.
C.) The surface can be any surface whose edge is the loop.
D.) The surface can be any surface whose edge is the loop as long as no magnetic field line passes through it more than once.

Scientists use laser range-finding to measure the distance to the moon with great accuracy. a brief laser pulse is fired at the moon, then the time interval is measured until the "echo" is seen by a telescope. a laser beam spreads out as it travels because it diffracts through a circular exit as it leaves the laser. in order for the reflected light to be bright enough to detect, the laser spot on the moon must be no more than 1.0 km in diameter. staying within this diameter is accomplished by using a special large-diameter laser. part a if λ = 540nm , what is the minimum diameter of the circular opening from which the laser beam emerges? the earth-moon distance is 384,000 km. express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

Aria drove to the store, did some shopping, and then came home. during maria's trip, when was her displacement equal to zero?

Considering only the earth's rotation, determine how much later the asteroid would have had to arrive to put the explosion above helsinki at longitude 25˚ e? this would have obliterated the city.