Alignment of charges at the surface of an object producing an individual charge:

Alignment of charges at the surface of an object producing an induced charge is known as POLARIZATION

Explanation:

Polarization is a characteristic of certain electromagnetic radiations in which the direction and magnitude of the vibrating electric field are related in a specific way.

There are four types of Polarization which include

Electronic Polarization

Ionic Polarization

Orientation Polarization

Space Charge Polarization

e) none of the above answers are correct

your answer is c! hope this : )