The critical angle at the boundary between a ruby and the air is 34.6º. Use this to calculate the refractive index of this ruby. Give your answer to
two decimal places.

The energy of a photon was found to be 3.38 × 10–19 j. planck’s constant is 6.63 × 10–34 j • s. which color of light corresponds to this photon?

Some material consisting of a collection of microscopic objects is kept at a high temperature. a photon detector capable of detecting photon energies from infrared through ultraviolet observes photons emitted with energies of 0.3 ev, 0.5 ev, 0.8 ev, 2.0ev, 2.5ev, and 2.8ev. these are the only photon energies observed. (a) draw and label a possible energy-level diagram for one of the microscopic objects, which has four bound states. on the diagram, indicate the transitions corresponding to the emitted photons. explain briefly. (b) would a spring–mass model be a good model for these microscopic objects? why or why not? (c) the material is now cooled down to a very low temperature, and the photon detector stops detecting photon emissions. next, a beam of light with a continuous range of energies from infrared through ultraviolet shines on the material, and the photon detector observes the beam of light after it passes through the material. what photon energies in this beam of light are observed to be significantly reduced in intensity (“dark absorption lines”)? explain briefly.

Two point charges are separated by a certain distance. how does the strength of the electric field produced by the first charge, at the position of the second charge, change if the second charge is doubled? a. the field does not change b. the field strength decreases by half. c. the field strength doubles d. the field strength quadruples