Light is travelling through air reaches quartz at an angle of incidence of 35°. The index of refraction of quartz is 1.54. At what angle of refraction does the light travel into the quartz?

1.54 = sin 35/sin r

sin r = 0.57/1.54 =0.37

r = sin^-1( 0.37)

=21.7°

as we know our atmosphere or air have different levels. every level has other gasses, and every gas has another permeability. when the light comes from lower permeability to higher permeability, it changes its direction. so that means that when the light comes from the moon to the earth, it changes it's direction many more times. it basically means that the shape of the light part of the moon is changed on the earth.

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