A child on a 2.4 kg scooter at rest throws a 2.2 kg ball. The ball is given a speed of 3.1 m/s and the child and scooter move in the opposite directions at 0.45 m/s. Find the child's mass.

The child's mass is 14.133 kg

Explanation:

From the principle of conservation of linear momentum, we have;

(m₁ + m₂) × v₁ + m₃ × v₂ = (m₁ + m₂)  × v₃ - m₃ × v₄

We include the negative sign as the velocities were given as moving in the opposite directions

Since the child and the ball are at rest, we have;

v₁ = 0 m/s and v₂= 0 m/s

Hence;

0 = m₁ × v₃ - m₂ × v₄

(m₁ + m₂)× v₃ = m₃ × v₄

Where:

m₁ = Mass of the child

m₂ = Mass of the scooter = 2.4 kg

v₃ = Final velocity of the child and scooter = 0.45 m/s

m₃ = Mass of the ball = 2.4 kg

v₄ = Final velocity of the ball = 3.1 m/s

Plugging the values gives;

(m₁ + 2.4)× 0.45 = 2.4 × 3.1

(m₁ + 2.4) = 16.533

∴ m₁ + 2.4 = 16.533

m₁ = 16.533 - 2.4 = 14.133 kg

The child's mass = 14.133 kg.