please read the question and answer. it is quite complicated so someone clever please reply. many thanks :)

Which expression allows you to determine the mechanical advantage of an inclined plane? a. height of plane / input force b. length of plane / input force c. length of plane / height of plane d. height of plane / length of plane

Aplane takes off from an airport and flies to town a, located d1 = 215 km from the airport in the direction 20.0° north of east. the plane then flies to town b, located d2 = 230 km at 30.0° west of north from town a. use graphical methods to determine the distance and direction from town b to the airport. (enter the distance in km and the direction in degrees south of west.)

Explain to someone who knows nothing about fossils the study of invertebrate paleontology and how it scientists understand the history of the earth. be sure your explanation contains a minimum of two complete sentences.