An astronaut is in an all-metal chamber outside the space station when a solar storm results in the deposit of a large positive charge on the station. Which statement is correct? a. The astronaut must abandon the chamber immediately to avoid being electrocuted.
b. The astronaut will be safe only if she is wearing a spacesuit made of non-conducting materials.
c. The astronaut does not need to worry: the charge will remain on the outside surface.
d. The astronaut must abandon the chamber if the electric field on the outside surface becomes greater than the breakdown field of air.
d. The astronaut must abandon the chamber immediately because the electric field inside the chamber is non-uniform.

c. The astronaut does not need to worry: the charge will remain on the outside surface.

Explanation:

The astronaut need not worry because according to Gauss's law of electrostatic, a hollow charged surface will have a net zero charge on the inside. This is the case of a Gauss surface, and all the charges stay on the surface of the metal chamber. This same principle explains why passengers are safe from electrostatic charges, in an enclosed aircraft, high up in the atmosphere; all the charges stay on the surface of the aircraft.

bacteria that live on the ocean floor are sustained by phytoplankton. phytoplankton, microscopic marine photosynthetic organisms, have a vastly significant role to play not only in the marine food web of which they’re part of, but also on a more global scale. despite their infinitely small size in comparison to other marine organisms, these tiny creatures occupy an immensely important ecological niche: they are the foundation of the marine food web, and as primary producers, play key roles in supporting all other organisms in the marine environment, as well as in the regulation of the earth’s climate through the sequestration of carbon, oxygen production, and other related processes. phytoplankton account for roughly half of all global primary productivity; therefore, their significance extends far beyond the marine environment alone. there is an intriguing sense of irony in the realization that these tiny living beings that often live out their existence unnoticed and undetected by the rest of the world, have such a far-reaching impact on the lives of virtually all other living organisms on the planet, particularly on those in the marine environment. the world that we have become accustomed to has been and is continuously shaped by the workings of these miniscule yet vital “plants of the sea”.

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