The ocean is salty because it contains many dissolved ions. As these charged particles move with the water in strong ocean currents, they feel a force from the earthâs magnetic field. Positive and negative charges are separated until an electric field develops that balances this magnetic force. This field produces measurable potential differences that can be monitored by ocean researchers. The Gulf Stream moves northward off the east coast of the United States at a speed of up to 3.5 m/s . Assume that the current flows at this maximum speed and that the earthâs field is 50 μT tipped 60 degrees below horizontal. Part A
What is the direction of the magnetic force on a singly ionized negative chlorine ion moving in this ocean current? Choose best answer
(a) east
(b) west
(c) up
(d) down
Part BWhat magnitude electric field is necessary to exactly balance this magnetic force?
Choose best answer.
(a) 1.8 x 10-4 N/C
(b) 1.5 x 10-4 N/C
(c) 1.0 x 10-4 N/C

Given that,

Speed = 3.5 m/s

Magnetic field = 50μT

Angle = 60°

(A). We need to find the direction of magnetic force

Using formula of magnetic force

Here, = down

But , charge is negative.

So, the direction of magnetic force will be up.

(B). We need to calculate the magnetic electric field

Using formula of magnetic force

Where, v = speed

B = magnetic field

Put the value into the formula

Hence, (A). The direction of magnetic force is UP

(c) is correct option

(B). The magnetic electric field is

(b) is correct option

-first use of geothermal energy occurred more than 10,000 years ago in north america by american paleo-indians

-the first industrial use of geothermal energy began near pisa, italy in late 18th century

-in 1904, italian scientist piero ginori conti invented the first geothermal electric power plant in which steam was used to generate the power

-with the above experiment, the first geothermal plant in usa started in 1922 with a capacity of 250 kilowatts

-however, in 1946 first ground-source geothermal heat pump installed at commonwealth building in portland, oregon

-during the 1960’s, pacific gas and electric began operation of first large scale geothermal power plant in san francisco, producing 11 megawatts

-in 1973, when oil crisis began many countries began looking for renewable energy sources and by 1980’s geothermal heat pumps (ghp) started gaining popularity in order to reduce heating and cooling costs

-as effect of climate change started showing results, governments of various countries joined hands to fight against it, for which kyoto protocol was signed in japan in 1997, laid out emission targets for rich countries and required that they transfer funds and technology to developing countries, 184 countries have ratified it

hope this