In his experiments on "cathode rays" during which he discovered the electron, J. J. Thomson showed that the same beam deflections resulted with tubes having cathodes made of different materials and containing various gases before evacuation. A) Are these observations important? Explain.
B) When he applied various potential differences to the deflection plates and turned on the magnetic coils, alone or in combination the fluorescent screen continued to show a single small glowing patch. Argue whether his observation is important.
C) Do calculations to show that the charge-to-mass ratio Thomson obtained was huge compared with that of any macroscopic object or of any ionized atom or molecule.
D) Could Thomson observe any deflection of the beam due to gravitation?

A) his observation is of little importance ,

B) This observation is very important since the movement of the point of light depends on the relationship between the already magnetic electric force

C)   see that in this second case it is 4 times less  

D) the force of gravity is of the order of 10⁻⁴⁰

therefore it is 10²⁸ times less than the electric force,

Explanation:

A) This observation is of little importance since the cacodylate ray tube always emits electrons, regardless of the material of which it is made.

B) This observation is very important since the movement of the point of light depends on the relationship between the already magnetic electric force

C) the elect's load is 1.6 10⁻¹⁹ C its mass is 9.1 10⁻³¹ kg, let's look for its relation

        e / m = 1.6 10⁻¹⁹ / 9.1 10⁻³¹

         e / m = 0.1 758 10 10¹² N

look for this in the case of an atom, let's use the lightest atom hydrogen

the homogenize have an electron of charge 1.6 10⁻¹⁹ C

and a mass of 1.6735575 10⁻²⁷ ka

        e / M = 1.6 10⁻⁻¹⁹ / 1.67 10⁻²⁷

       e / M = 0.96 10⁸ N

We see that in this second case it is 4 times less

D) the force of gravity is of the order of 10⁻⁴⁰

therefore it is 10²⁸ times less than the electric force, therefore it should not contribute to the movement of the light beam

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