A 2,100-kg pile driver is used to drive a steel beam into the ground. The pile driver falls 5.00 m before coming into contact with the top of the beam, and it drives the beam 12.0 cm farther into the ground before coming to rest. Using energy considerations, calculate the average force the beam exerts on the pile driver while the pile driver is brought to rest.

858375 N of force is exerted on the pile driver by the beam.

Explanation:

mass of the pile driver m = 2100 kg

distance of fall = 5 m

distance through which the beam is driven = 12 cm = 0.12 m

weight of the pile driver = mg

where g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s^2

weight of pile driver = 2100 x 9.81 = 20601 N

work done by gravity in bringing the pile driver done the 5 m height is

work = weight x distance = 20601 x 5 = 103005 J

This work by gravity is also used to do work in driving the beam into the 12 cm depth.

The force exerted by the beam on the pile driver will be proportional to the force used to do the work in driving the beam through the 12 cm depth.

equating the works, we have

103005 = F x 0.12

F = 103005/0.12 = 858375 N of force

freezing

deposition

condensation

explanation;

melting also called fusion is the process where solid becomes liquid, sublimation is the process where solid becomes gaseous without first changing to liquid, deposition involves change from gaseous to solid state, freezing involves change from liquid to solid, boiling or evaporation involves change of liquid to gaseous state, while condensation is the change from gaseous state to liquid state.

endothermic reactions involves absorption of heat from the surroundings or the environment while exothermic reactions involves loss of heat energy to the surroundings.

in this case, sublimation, evaporation and melting are endothermic reactions (gain energy from the environment) while, freezing, deposition and condensation are exothermic (loss of energy to the surroundings) reactions.

more than, less

less than, more