A 60-μC charge is held fixed at the origin and a −20-μC charge is held fixed on the x axis at a point x = 1.0 m. If a 10-μC charge is released from rest at a point x = 40 cm, what is its kinetic energy the instant it passes the point x = 70 cm?

Ek =  8,79 [J]

Explanation:

We are going to solve this problem, using  the energy conservation principle

State 1 or initial state (charges at rest t=0)

E₁  = Ek  + U₁

As charge are at rest Ek = 0

And  U₁ has two components

U₁₂   = K * Q₁*Q₂ / 0,4          and    U₃₂  = K*Q₃*Q₂ / 0,6

U₁₂  = 9*10⁹* 60*10⁻⁶*10*10⁻⁶/0,4  ⇒ U₁₂ = 9*60*10*10⁻³/0,4

U₃₂ =  - 9*10⁹* 20*10⁻⁶*10*10⁻⁶/0,6  ⇒ U₃₂ = - 9*20*10*10⁻³/0,6

U₁₂ = 540*10⁻2/0,4 [J]   ⇒13,5 [J]

U₃₂ = - 180*10⁻² /0,6 [J] ⇒ - 3 [J]

Then   E₁ = E₁₂ + E₃₂    

E₁ = 10,5 [J]

At  the moment of Q₂ passing x = 40 cm  or 0,4 m

E₂ = Ek + U₂

We can calculate the components of U₂ in this new configuration

U₂  =  U₁₂  + U₃₂

U₁₂  = 9*10⁹* 60*10⁻⁶*10*10⁻⁶/0,7   ⇒  U₁₂ = 9*60*10*10⁻³/0,7

U₁₂ = 540*10⁻²/0,7       U₁₂ = 7,71 [J]

U₃₂ =  - 9*10⁹* 20*10⁻⁶*10*10⁻⁶/0,3  ⇒ U₃₂ = -  9*20*10*10⁻³/0,3

U₃₂ = -  9*20*10⁻²/0,3  

U₃₂ = - 6

U₂ = 7,71 -6

U₂ = 1,71 [J]

Then as  

E₂  = Ek + U₂  and  E₂ = E₁

Then

Ek + U₂ = E₁

Ek =  10,5 - U₂    

Ek  = 10,5 - 1,71

Ek =  8,79 [J]

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