If an ancient campfire were analyzed, was found to have only about one-eighth the carbon-14 that is normally found in living things, how long ago was that campfire extinguished? Answer in units of y.

As part of an industrial process, air as an ideal gas at 10 bar, 400k expands at steady state through a valve to a pressure of 4 bar. the mass flow rate of air is 0.5 kg/s. the air then passes through a heat exchanger where it is cooled to a temperature of 295k with negligible change in pressure. the valve can be modeled as a throttling process, and kinetic and potential energy effects can be neglected. (a) for a control volume enclosing the valve and heat exchanger and enough of the local surroundings that the heat transfer occurs at the ambient temperature of 295 k, determine the rate of entropy production, in kw/k. (b) if the expansion valve were replaced by an adiabatic turbine operating isentropically, what would be the entropy production? compare the results of parts (a) and (b) and discuss.

A3030 cmcm wrench is used to loosen a bolt with a force applied 0.30.3 mm from the bolt. it takes 6060 nn to loosen the bolt when the force is applied perpendicular to the wrench. how much force would it take if the force was applied at a 3030 degree angle from perpendicular? a 3030 cmcm wrench is used to loosen a bolt with a force applied 0.30.3 mm from the bolt. it takes 6060 nn to loosen the bolt when the force is applied perpendicular to the wrench. how much force would it take if the force was applied at a 3030 degree angle from perpendicular?

Which composition of water moves to begin a deepwater current?